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Safety and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01(E) candidate malaria vaccine given with expanded-programme-on-immunisation vaccines : 19 month follow-up of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Asante-Poku A., and Abdulla, S. and Agnandji, S. and Lyimo, J. and Vekemans, J. and Soulanoudjingar, S. and Owusu, R. and Shomari, M. and Leach, A. and Jongert, E. and Salim, N. and Fernandes, J. F. and Dosoo, D. and Chikawe, M. and Issifou, S. and Osei-Kwakye K., and Lievens, M. and Paricek, M. and Moller, T. and Apanga, S. and Mwangoka, G. and Dubois, M. C. and Madi, T. and Kwara, E. and Minja, R. and Hounkpatin, A. B. and Boahen, O. and Kayan, K. and Adjei, G. and Chandramohan, D. and Carter, T. and Vansadia, P. and Sillman, M. and Savarese, B. and Loucq, C. and Lapierre, D. and Greenwood, B. and Cohen, J. and Kremsner, P. and Owusu-Agyei S., and Tanner, M. and Lell, B.. (2011) Safety and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01(E) candidate malaria vaccine given with expanded-programme-on-immunisation vaccines : 19 month follow-up of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. The Lancet infectious diseases, Vol. 11, H. 10. pp. 741-749.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/dok/A6002335

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The RTS,S/AS01(E) candidate malaria vaccine is being developed for immunisation of infants in Africa through the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI). 8 month follow-up data have been reported for safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01(E) when integrated into the EPI. We report extended follow-up to 19 months, including efficacy results. METHODS: We did a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial of safety and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01(E) candidate malaria vaccine given with EPI vaccines between April 30, 2007, and Oct 7, 2009, in Ghana, Tanzania, and Gabon. Eligible children were 6-10 weeks of age at first vaccination, without serious acute or chronic illness. All children received the EPI diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (inactivated whole-cell), and hepatitis-B vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and oral polio vaccine at study months 0, 1, and 2, and measles vaccine and yellow fever vaccines at study month 7. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01(E) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks (0, 1, 2 month schedule) or at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 9 months (0, 2, 7 month schedule) or placebo. Randomisation was according to a predefined block list with a computer-generated randomisation code. Detection of serious adverse events and malaria was by passive case detection. Antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and HBsAg were monitored for 19 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00436007. FINDINGS: 511 children were enrolled. Serious adverse events occurred in 57 participants in the RTS,S/AS01(E) 0, 1, 2 month group (34%, 95% CI 27-41), 47 in the 0, 1, 7 month group (28%, 21-35), and 49 (29%, 22-36) in the control group; none were judged to be related to study vaccination. At month 19, anticircumsporozoite immune responses were significantly higher in the RTS,S/AS01(E) groups than in the control group. Vaccine efficacy for the 0, 1, 2 month schedule (2 weeks after dose three to month 19, site-adjusted according-to-protocol analysis) was 53% (95% CI 26-70; p=0.0012) against first malaria episodes and 59% (36-74; p=0.0001) against all malaria episodes. For the entire study period, (total vaccinated cohort) vaccine efficacy against all malaria episodes was higher with the 0, 1, 2 month schedule (57%, 95% CI 33-73; p=0.0002) than with the 0, 1, 7 month schedule (32% CI 16-45; p=0.0003). 1 year after dose three, vaccine efficacy against first malaria episodes was similar for both schedules (0, 1, 2 month group, 61.6% [95% CI 35.6-77.1], p>0.001; 0, 1, 7 month group, 63.8% [40.4-78.0], p>0.001, according-to-protocol cohort). INTERPRETATION: Vaccine efficacy was consistent with the target put forward by the WHO-sponsored malaria vaccine technology roadmap for a first-generation malaria vaccine. The 0, 1, 2 month vaccine schedule has been selected for phase 3 candidate vaccine assessment. FUNDING: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
UniBasel Contributors:Tanner, Marcel
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:1473-3099
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
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Last Modified:08 Nov 2012 16:23
Deposited On:08 Nov 2012 16:19

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