Manipulation of the nuclear spin ensemble in a quantum dot with chirped magnetic resonance pulses

The nuclear spins in nanostructured semiconductors play a central role in quantum applications(1-4). The nuclear spins represent a useful resource for generating local magnetic(5) fields but nuclear spin noise represents a major source of dephasing for spin qubits(2,3). Controlling the nuclear spins enhances the resource while suppressing the noise. NMR techniques are challenging: the group III and V isotopes have large spins with widely different gyromagnetic ratios; in strained material there are large atom-dependent quadrupole shifts(6); and nanoscale NMR is hard to detect(7,8). We report NMR on 100,000 nuclear spins of a quantum dot using chirped radiofrequency pulses. Following polarization, we demonstrate a reversal of the nuclear spin. We can flip the nuclear spin back and forth a hundred times. We demonstrate that chirped NMR is a powerful way of determining the chemical composition, the initial nuclear spin temperatures and quadrupole frequency distributions for all the main isotopes. The key observation is a plateau in the NMR signal as a function of sweep rate: we achieve inversion at the first quantum transition for all isotopes simultaneously. These experiments represent a generic technique for manipulating nanoscale inhomogeneous nuclear spin ensembles and open the way to probe the coherence of such mesoscopic systems.