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Iron fortified complementary foods containing a mixture of sodium iron EDTA with either ferrous fumarate or ferric pyrophosphate reduce iron deficiency anemia in 12- to 36-month-old children in a malaria endemic setting: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Glinz, Dominik and Wegmüller, Rita and Ouattara, Mamadou and Diakité, Victorine G. and Aaron, Grant J. and Hofer, Lorenz and Zimmermann, Michael B. and Adiossan, Lukas G. and Utzinger, Jürg and N'Goran, Eliézer K. and Hurrell, Richard F.. (2017) Iron fortified complementary foods containing a mixture of sodium iron EDTA with either ferrous fumarate or ferric pyrophosphate reduce iron deficiency anemia in 12- to 36-month-old children in a malaria endemic setting: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 9 (7). p. 759.

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Official URL: http://edoc.unibas.ch/55678/

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Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The efficacy of iron fortification against IDA is uncertain in malaria-endemic settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a complementary food (CF) fortified with sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA) plus either ferrous fumarate (FeFum) or ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) to combat IDA in preschool-age children in a highly malaria endemic region. This is a secondary analysis of a nine-month cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in south-central Côte d'Ivoire. 378 children aged 12-36 months were randomly assigned to no food intervention (n = 125; control group), CF fortified with 2 mg NaFeEDTA plus 3.8 mg FeFum for six days/week (n = 126; FeFum group), and CF fortified with 2 mg NaFeEDTA and 3.8 mg FePP for six days/week (n = 127; FePP group). The outcome measures were hemoglobin (Hb), plasma ferritin (PF), iron deficiency (PF < 30 μg/L), and anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dL). Data were analyzed with random-effect models and PF was adjusted for inflammation. The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection and inflammation during the study were 44-66%, and 57-76%, respectively. There was a significant time by treatment interaction on IDA (p = 0.028) and a borderline significant time by treatment interaction on iron deficiency with or without anemia (p = 0.068). IDA prevalence sharply decreased in the FeFum (32.8% to 1.2%, p < 0.001) and FePP group (23.6% to 3.4%, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant time by treatment interaction on Hb or total anemia. These data indicate that, despite the high endemicity of malaria and elevated inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein or α-1-acid-glycoprotein), IDA was markedly reduced by provision of iron fortified CF to preschool-age children for 9 months, with no significant differences between a combination of NaFeEDTA with FeFum or NaFeEDTA with FePP. However, there was no overall effect on anemia, suggesting most of the anemia in this setting is not due to ID. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01634945).
Faculties and Departments:09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
09 Associated Institutions > Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) > Former Units within Swiss TPH > Health Impact Assessment (Utzinger)
UniBasel Contributors:Utzinger, Jürg
Item Type:Article, refereed
Article Subtype:Research Article
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:2072-6643
Note:Publication type according to Uni Basel Research Database: Journal article
Identification Number:
Last Modified:03 Oct 2017 09:14
Deposited On:03 Oct 2017 09:14

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