Optimization of chloronitrobenzamides (CNBs) as therapeutic leads for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)

We previously reported the discovery of the activity of chloronitrobenzamides (CNBs) against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei . Herein we disclose extensive structure-activity relationship and structure-property relationship studies aimed at identification of tractable early leads for clinical development. These studies revealed a promising lead compound, 17b, that exhibited nanomolar potency against T. brucei (EC50 = 27 nM for T. b. brucei , 7 nM for T. b. rhodesiense , and 2 nM for T. b. gambiense ) with excellent selectivity for parasite cells relative to mammalian cell lines (EC50 < 25 ?M). In addition compound 17b displayed suitable physiochemical characteristics and microsomal stability (t1/2 < 4 h for human and mouse) to justify pursuing in vivo studies.